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1 atrium
ātrĭum, ii, n. [acc. to Scaliger, from aithrion, subdiale, since it was a part of the uncovered portion of the house (but the atrium of the Romans was always covered); acc. to Varr. L. L. 5, § 161 Müll., from the Tuscan town Atria, where this style of architecture originated; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 13 Müll.; and Müller, Etrusk. 1, p. 254 sq.; but better from ater, acc. to the explanation of Servius: ibi etiam culina erat, unde et atrium dictum est; atrum enim erat ex fumo, ad Verg. A. 1, 730].I.The fore-court, hall, entrance-room, entry; that part of the Roman house into which one first came after passing the entrance (janua); cf. Vitr. 6, 4; O. Müller, Archaeol. III. § 293, and Etrusk. above cited. In earlier times, the atrium was used as a dining-room, Cato ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 726. Here stood, opposite the door, the lectus genialis, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 87;II.here sat the housewife with her maidens spinning,
Arn. adv. Gent. 2, 67;here clients were in attendance,
Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 31; Juv. 7, 7 and 91;and here hung the family portraits and other paintings,
Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 55; Mart. 2, 90; Val. Max. 5, 8, 3; Vulg. Matt. 26, 58; ib. Marc. 14, 54; ib. Joan. 18, 15 al.— Poet. in the plur., of a single atrium:Apparet domus intus et atria longa patescunt,
Verg. A. 2, 483; so Ov. M. 14, 260; Juv. 8, 20 al.— Meton. for the house itself:nec capient Phrygias atria nostra nurus,
Ov. H. 16, 184; id. M. 13, 968.—So of the entrance-room in the dwelling of the gods: dextrā laevāque deorum Atria nobilium (as it were clients, v. supra) valvis celebrantur apertis, Ov. M. 1, 172; Stat. Th. 1, 197.—In temples and other public buildings there was often an atrium, a hall, court:in atrio Libertatis,
Cic. Mil. 22, 59; Liv. 25, 7; 45, 15; Tac. H. 1, 31; Suet. Aug. 29:Vestae,
Plin. Ep. 7, 19, 2;also called atrium regium,
Liv. 26, 27; cf. Ov. F. 6, 263; id. Tr. 3, 1, 30:atrium tabernaculi,
Vulg. Exod. 27, 9; ib. Lev. 6, 26:in atriis Domūs Dei,
ib. Psa. 91, 14; 134, 2;Smith, Dict. Antiq.—So atrium auctionarium,
an auction-hall, auction-room, Cic. Agr. 1, 3; so Inscr. Orell. 3439; and absol., atria:cum desertis Aganippes Vallibus esuriens migraret in atria Clio,
Juv. 7, 7. Such halls were the Atria Licinia, Cic. Quinct. 6, 25: ATRIVM SVTORIVM, the shoemakers' hall, a place in Rome, Calend. Praenest. Inscr. Orell. II. 386.
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